- Prodromic phase including minor behavioral changes such as:
- Anxiety
- Restlessness
- Insomnia
- Severe abdominal pain, but this pain might also be felt in the back or thighs.
- Nausea, vomiting, and constipation are common.
- Symptoms of increased sympathetic activity, including:
- Tachycardia
- Excess sweating
- Hypertension
Physical exam usually normal.
Labs may show hyponatremia.
Urine may be red or dark-colored.
Most acute attacks last for no longer than 1 or 2 weeks.
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