- Hypoferremia, iron-restricted erythropoiesis from cytokine-stimulated hepcidin increase (see scheme below)
- Mildly shortened erythrocyte survival (increased destruction)
- Suppression of erythropoiesis by direct effects of cytokines on the marrow
- Variable effects of inflammation on erythropoietin production, renal excretion of hepcidin
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