Algorithms and Flowcharts

DAT, direct antiglobulin test; HA, hemolytic anemia; TMA, thrombotic microangiopathy; MAHA, macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia; SCD, sickle cell disease; HS, hereditary spherocytosis; HE, heredity elliptocytosis; PHN, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; Def, deficiency; PKD, pyruvate kinase deficiency. primary BM, primary bone marrow condition.

TMA, thrombotic microangiopathy; TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura, STEC-HUS, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome

While TPE and steroids are the mainstay of TTP treatment, some experts recommend the inclusion of rituximab and/or caplacizumab under certain situations. Presence of ADAMTS13 inhibitor consistent with acquired autoimmune TTP, while their absence is suggestive of congenital TTP. Plasma infusion is usually sufficient to treat acute episodes in patients with hereditary TTP. According to ISTH guideline: continuing or stopping treatments (eg, TPE, corticosteroids, rituximab, caplacizumab) when plasma ADAMTS13 activity is between 10 and 20 IU/dL (or 10%−20% of normal) (an equivocal result). Abbreviations: TTP, thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura.

TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura; TPE, therapeutic plasma exchange. From Semin Thromb Hemost. 2020;46:289-301.
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