- Non-specific binding of negatively charged heparin molecules to:
- Platelet factor 4
- Histidine-rich glycoprotein
- Lipoproteins
- von Willebrand factor
- Factor VIII
- Fibrinogen
- Monocytes
- Endothelial cells
- Growth factors
- Nonendothelial surfaces
- Intravenous tubing
- Extracorporeal circuit components
- Deficiency of antithrombin
- Congenital
- Acquired
- Liver disease
- Sepsis
- Acute disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Asparaginase use in patients with acute leukemia
- Use of extracorporeal circuits in cardiopulmonary bypass or ECMO
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